On‐line electrochemical monitoring of the local noradrenaline release evoked by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves in isolated rat tail artery

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Abstract
A treated carbon fibre electrode was used to measure by differential normal pulse voltammetry or differential pulse amperometry the release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic nerve terminals innervating the smooth muscle in rat tail artery. On calibration in vitro with exogenous noradrenaline in phosphate‐buffered saline solution the electrode recorded an oxidation current at +0.1 V, the oxidation potential of noradrenaline. This signal was proportional to the noradrenaline concentration in the solution. When the electrode was apposed to the wall of the artery there was no oxidation current at +0.1 V under resting conditions, but electrical nerve stimulation for 1–100 s at 1–10 Hz induced a current with a peak at this potential. This signal was suppressed by tetrodotoxin, guanethidine or cadmium, or by omission of calcium; it was strongly enhanced by tetraethylammonium and potentiated by the noradrenaline uptake blockers desipramine or cocaine. The results indicate that the carbon fibre electrode method described here may be used to monitor on‐line the nerve stimulation‐induced increase in the local noradrenaline concentration at the surface of the muscle layer in a blood vessel such as the rat tail artery.