Rumen Volatile Fatty Acid Production and Nutrient Utilization in Steers Fed a Diet Supplemented with Sodium Bicarbonate and Monensin

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Abstract
Effects of feeding dietary supplements of monensin and sodium bicarbonate singly or in combination on production of rumen volatile fatty acids, N balance and rumen water kinetics were studied. Four rumen fistulated steers were fed a diet (50% concentrate mix and 50% corn silage) ad lib in a 4 .times. 4 Latin square design (21-day periods) with a 2 .times. 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Sodium bicarbonate increased feed intake,water intake, rumen pH, fluid dilution rate and decreased both molar proportion and production rate of propionate in the rumen. Alteration of the ratio of acetate to propionate reflects the large decrease in propionate production relative to the small increase in acetate production. Monensin did not alter significantly rumen fluid dilution rate or ruminal pH but did decrease the molar proportion of acetate and increase that of propionate. Monensin increased production of both acetate and propionate in the rumen; the large increase in propionate production appears to account for more of the increase in molar proportion of propionate in the rumen. Increases in total volatile fatty acid production per kilogram of dry matter consumed with monensin supplementation appears to result from decrease in feed intake, thereby increasing ruminal retention time of dry matter and potentially the extent of digestion. Efficiency of N utilization was not altered by either sodium bicarbonate or monensin.