Stress factors among overwhelmed mothers of toddlers in immigrant families in France

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Abstract
This study analyzes “microsystem” variables that are associated with stress in the lives of 191 North African low SES immigrant families. Four domains of potential stress factors were analyzed for 36 overwhelmed mothers compared to the 155 non‐overwhelmed mothers: (1) ecological stressors (lack of toilet, bath, etc.; overcrowded apartment; more than three children); (2) medical stressors (difficult pregnancy or delivery; frequent maternal or child illnes); (3) interpersonal problems (father or mother reports major problems in relationship with toddler; father feels overwhelmed); (4) child behavior stressors (retarded language; sleep or feeding difficulties; severe behavior problems). Few ecological or medical stressors differentiated overwhelmed from non‐overwhelmed mothers. However, in the families of the overwhelmed mothers the following factors were significantly more frequent: Poor father‐child relationship; severe toddler behavior problems; and father feeling overwhelmed. The importance of interpersonal stressors can alert preventive workers to the need for parenting supports as well as medical and housing help for immigrant families.