Generation and detection of nonclassical field states by conditional measurements following two-photon resonant interactions

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Abstract
A simple scheme is presented that allows the generation and detection of nonclassical states of the electromagnetic (em) field with controllable (predetermined) photon-number and phase distributions. It is based on the two-photon resonant interaction of a single em field mode in a high-Q cavity with initially excited atoms crossing the cavity sequentially (one at a time). The sequence duration should be much shorter than the cavity-mode lifetime. Nonclassical states of the field are generated conditionally, by selecting only those sequences wherein each atom is measured to be in the excited state after the interaction. The field distribution resulting from a sequence of N such measurements is peaked about 2N positions in the phase plane, which evolve sinusoidally as a function of the atomic transit times and are therefore simply controlled. When these peaks are chosen not to overlap, the field state constitutes a generalized Schrödinger cat. By choosing them to overlap, we can make parts of the field distribution strongly interfere, giving rise to decimation of the photon-number distribution. In particular, this process can prepare Fock states with controlled photon numbers. The generated phase distribution can be detected by monitoring the pattern of revivals in the excitation of a ‘‘probe’’ atom.