A Double-Moment Multiple-Phase Four-Class Bulk Ice Scheme. Part I: Description

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Abstract
A detailed ice-phase bulk microphysical scheme has been developed for simulating the hydrometeor distributions of convective and stratiform precipitation in different large-scale environmental conditions. The proposed scheme involves 90 distinct microphysical processes, which predict the mixing ratios and the number concentrations of small ice crystals, snow, graupel, and frozen drops/hail, as well as the mixing ratios of liquid water on wet precipitation ice (snow, graupel, frozen drops). The number of adjustable coefficients has been significantly reduced in comparison with other bulk schemes. Additional improvements have been made to the parameterization in the following areas: 1) representing small ice crystals with nonzero terminal fall velocities and dispersive size distributions, 2) accurate and computationally efficient calculations of precipitation collection processes, 3) reformulating the collection equation to prevent unrealistically large accretion rates, 4) more realistic conversion... Abstract A detailed ice-phase bulk microphysical scheme has been developed for simulating the hydrometeor distributions of convective and stratiform precipitation in different large-scale environmental conditions. The proposed scheme involves 90 distinct microphysical processes, which predict the mixing ratios and the number concentrations of small ice crystals, snow, graupel, and frozen drops/hail, as well as the mixing ratios of liquid water on wet precipitation ice (snow, graupel, frozen drops). The number of adjustable coefficients has been significantly reduced in comparison with other bulk schemes. Additional improvements have been made to the parameterization in the following areas: 1) representing small ice crystals with nonzero terminal fall velocities and dispersive size distributions, 2) accurate and computationally efficient calculations of precipitation collection processes, 3) reformulating the collection equation to prevent unrealistically large accretion rates, 4) more realistic conversion...

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