Induction of Anaesthesia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Comparison between Sevoflurane-Remifentanil and Fentanyl-Etomidate

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Abstract
In a prospective, randomized study, sevoflurane-remifentanil (Group SR) was compared with fentanyl-etomidate (Group FE) for induction of anaesthesia in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Cardiovascular stability, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, rate pressure product, rescue medications and associated myocardial ischaemia were measured. For Group SR (n=20), anaesthesia was induced with vital capacity breaths of sevoflurane 5% in oxygen. After loss of consciousness, the inspired sevoflurane was reduced to 3% and remifentanil was administered as a 0.5 μg.kg−1 bolus over 90 seconds (0.33 μg.kg−1 .min−1) followed by a 0.025 μg.kg−1. min−1 infusion. After intubation, the inspired sevoflurane was reduced to 2%. For Group FE (n =20), anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 10.5 μg.kg−1 and etomidate 0.2 mg.kg−1 given 60 seconds later. Isoflurane 1% in oxygen was administered after loss of consciousness. Both groups received rocuronium and the trachea was intubated two minutes later. Sevoflurane gaseous induction was smooth, with cardiovascular stability comparable to fentanyl-etomidate. Significantly more patients in Group SR (P<0.05) were on beta-blocking medication, and, overall, the HR and RPP was lower pre-intubation in Group SR. Remifentanil administration was associated with severe bradycardia in three patients and asystole in a fourth. All four patients were on beta-blocking medication and three of the four were on diltiazem. The study was terminated due to the high incidence of bradycardic/asystolic complications in Group SR.