Antitumor Activity of an Oncolytic Adenovirus-Delivered Oncogene Small Interfering RNA

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Abstract
Despite successes in animal models, cancer gene therapy with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) is hindered by the lack of an optimal delivery platform. We examined the applicability of the replication-competent, oncolytic adenovirus, ONYX-411, to deliver a mutant K-ras siRNA transgene to human cancer cells. Proof-of-principle studies showed an additive tumor growth–inhibitory response through siRNA-mediated K-ras knockdown and ONYX-411-mediated cancer cell lysis. A novel construct, termed Internavec (for interfering RNA vector), was generated by cloning a K-rasv12-specific siRNAras-4 hairpin construct under the control of the human H1 promoter into the deleted E3b region of ONYX-411. Internavec acquired an increase in potency of ∼10-fold in human cancer cells expressing the relevant K-rasv12 mutation (H79, H441, and SW480), as defined by a reduction in the effective dose needed to achieve 50% growth inhibition (ED50). Internavec remained attenuated in nonmalignant epithelial cells. Daily intratumoral injections of Internavec (five daily injections of 1 × 108 plaque-forming units) significantly reduced the growth of s.c. H79 pancreatic cancer xenografts in nu/nu mice by 85.5%, including complete growth suppression in three of five mice. Parental ONYX-411 or ONYX-411-siRNAGFP was markedly less effective (47.8% growth reduction, P = 0.03; and 44.1% growth reduction, P = 0.03, respectively). siRNAras transgene activity contributed to cell cycle blockage, increased apoptosis, and marked down-regulation of Ras signaling–related gene expression (AKT2, GSK3β, E2F2, and MAP4K5). These findings indicate that Internavec can generate a two-pronged attack on tumor cells through oncogene knockdown and viral oncolysis, resulting in a significantly enhanced antitumor outcome. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9736-43)