Phloroglucinol and in Vitro Rooting of Apple Cultivar Cuttings1

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Abstract
Cuttings of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) taken from in vitro proliferated shoots growing on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium were evaluated for ability to initiate adventitious roots in the presence or absence of phloroglucinol at several concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA). Phloroglucinol did not promote rooting of ‘Northern Spy’, ‘Summer Rambo’ or ‘Delicious’, had a minor or inconsistent effect upon ‘Nugget’, ‘Ozark Gold’, ‘Spuree Rome’, and ‘Stayman’ and stimulated rooting of ‘Spartan’ cuttings. However, phloroglucinol did not increase rooting of ‘Spartan’ cuttings above that obtained in preliminary experiments without phloroglucinol. Autoclaved phloroglucinol produced the same responses as filter sterilized when tested on ‘Spartan’, ‘Stayman’, and ‘Summer Rambo’. Including IBA in the medium improved rooting of all cultivars and this effect was greater than the effect of phloroglucinol except for ‘Spartan’. Phloroglucinol reduced formation of callus and misshapen roots on cuttings receiving IBA treatment. There was no evidence that phloroglucinol is essential to in vitro rooting of these apple cultivar cuttings.

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