Predictive Optimization of Gradient-Elution Liquid Chromatography

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Abstract
The methods for calculation of retention volumes and bandwidths in liquid chromatography with binary gradients, ternary “solvent-strength” gradients, ternary “selectivity” gradients and “combined selectivity - solvent strength” ternary gradients are surveyed. These calculation methods form the basis for the predictive optimization of profiles of binary and ternary gradients. Various strategies for predictive optimization are discussed and illustrated by practical optimization example of the gradient-elution separation of a mixture of mono- and di- aminoanthraquinones.