Surgical management of hematomas of the brain stem

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Abstract
Nine patients with brain-stem hematoma were admitted to the authors' institute during the period from 1985 to 1988. Clinical symptoms and signs pointed to pontine involvement in most cases. Progressive clinical deterioration was quite common and usually led to a clinical diagnosis of brain-stem intra-axial tumor. Angiography was noncontributory; computerized tomography (CT) was the main diagnostic test. This gave evidence of different pathological characteristics, including masses showing highly increased density, nonhomogeneous hyperdense lesions, and isodense lesions with peripheral contrast enhancement. No clear correlation was found, however, between the presumed duration of the clinical picture and the CT characteristics of the lesion. In the last four cases, magnetic resonance imaging was performed using a 0.015-tesla resistive system. This examination usually confirmed the presence of a brain-stem mass already shown by previous CT scans. There were, however, no cases in which direct evidence of an intra-axial vascular malformation could be obtained. The patients were all treated surgically with an attempt at total removal of the lesion and thorough inspection of the hematoma cavity and biopsy. Evidence of "cryptic" arteriovenous malformation was obtained in six of the nine cases. There were minor transitory complications in three cases. All of the patients were able to resume their previous activity, and none suffered recurrence of the symptoms following the operation. It may be concluded that surgery is the treatment of choice for brain-stem hematoma.