Abstract
A procedure for the derivation of surface-layer bulk relationships from simplified second-order closure models is presented. Although a specific model [the Mellor-Yamada level-2 model (Mellor and Yamada 1982)] was used as an example, the procedure may be applied to a broader class of simplified second-order turbulence parameterization schemes. For the special case of the level-2 model, approximating formulas are given for direct calculation of fluxes from the wind speed and temperature difference across the surface layer, These approximations are especially recommended for models that use Mellor-Yamada closure schemes.

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