The behavior of viruses on disinfection by chlorine dioxide and other disinfectants in effluent

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Abstract
A comparative study on the efficacy of chlorine dioxide, chlorine, ozone and peracetic acid in inactivating viruses was carried out against 6 viruses in a municipal sewage effluent. The viruses selected were bacteriophage f2 and poliovirus 1, which have been commonly used; also echovirus 1 and coxsackievirus B5 to extend the range of enteroviruses; and simian rotavirus (SA11) and human rotavirus, the latter being one of the most important enteric viral pathogens present in waste water. The results indicated a wide range in the response of these viruses to chlorine dioxide. Of the 3 enteroviruses tested, coxsackievirus B5 was the most resistant, with a dose of 17.25 ppm required for 99.99% inactivation in 5 min. In the case of the 2 rotaviruses tested, human rotavirus was distinctly more resistant than SA11. On the other hand, the other viruses tested responded differently to the other disinfectants. The most resistant virus on nearly all occasions under selected conditions was the human rotavirus; the least resistant virus was SA11. The enteroviruses, with phage, were somewhat similar in their response, although coxsackievirus B5 was usually the most resistant.

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