The Control of Steroidogenesis by Human Fetal Adrenal Cells in Tissue Culture. II. Comparison of Morphology and Steroid Production in Cells of the Fetal and Definitive Zones*

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Abstract
Preparations of dispersed human fetal adrenal cells from the inner third of the gland and from the subcapsular area were maintained in culture, and their ultrastructure and steroid production were studied. The former type of preparation contained only fetal zone cells, while the latter contained definitive zone cells together with varying numbers of fetal zone cells. Both types could be cultured with equal ease, but during short term culture, fetal and definitive zone cells became morphologically indistinguishable. The patterns of steroid production and, in particular, the relative production of Δ4,3-ketosteroids and Δ5,3β-hydroxysteroids were similar in both preparations, as were their dose-response relationships during incubation with αACTH-(l-24). Although considerable variability in total steroid production was observed between cells from different adrenal glands, in no specimen was any evidence for functional zonation of the fetal adrenal cortex observed in vitro. The results suggest that the apparently unique histological appearance and function of the fetal adrenal cortex may only reflect intense stimulation by ACTH secondary to the combined influences of a rapid cortisol MCR and of some inhibitor of fetal adrenal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.

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