On the stability of open hydraulic fractures in the Earth's crust

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Abstract
It has been suggested that a substantial amount of heat energy could be extracted from dry hot rocks near the earth's surface by circulating a fluid through large hydraulic fractures. However a theoretical analysis of propagation and closure of hydraulic fractures subject to realistic stress gradients indicates an upper limit for the size of a stable fracture. For example, if the vertical gradient of the least principal stress exceeds the unit weight of the fluid by ∼100 dynes/cm³ a stable vertical fracture in granite held open by fluid pressure may not be more than ∼2 × 104 cm high. This limit should be taken into account in the design of dry hot rock heat recovery systems.

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