Environmental Remediation by an Integrated Microwave/UV Illumination Technique. 3. A Microwave-Powered Plasma Light Source and Photoreactor To Degrade Pollutants in Aqueous Dispersions of TiO2 Illuminated by the Emitted UV/Visible Radiation

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Abstract
The characteristic features of a novel double-quartz cylindrical plasma photoreactor (DQCPP) were assessed by examining the photodegradation of rhodamine-B dye (RhB+) in aqueous TiO2 dispersions irradiated simultaneously by both microwave radiation and UV/visible radiation emitted from a microwave-powered (MW, 2.45 GHz) electrodeless mercury lamp. The features of the DQCPP lamp are given and discussed in terms of the experimental output UV energy in the wavelength ranges 210−300 and 310−400 nm for applied MW powers from 74 to 621 W. The DQCPP and a water-cooled DQCPP reactor absorbed more than 50% MW radiation (50−88 and 50−75%, respectively). The emitted light irradiance scaled sublinearly with applied MW power. Relative to the DQCPP lamp, loss of irradiance by the water-cooled DQCPP lamp was ∼28−46% at 250 nm and ∼41−58% at 360 nm in the range of MW power used. The smallest loss occurred at 178.9 W at which the degradation of RhB+ was subsequently examined by UV/visible spectroscopy and by total organic carbon analyses. Highly intense mercury lines were seen at 365, 404, 435, 546, and 579 nm (those below 365 nm were more than 10 times weaker). About 80% of the RhB+ solution was photomineralized after 60 min of irradiation of the aqueous RhB+/TiO2 dispersion with the DQCPP lamp; no UV/visible spectral features of RhB+ were evident at wavelengths below 250 nm after 30 min. Possible effects of microwave radiation and temperature on the degradative process are described.

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