Levenson's IPC (Internal-External Control) Scale

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Abstract
To examine further the cross-cultural feasibility of the internal-external control of reinforcement construct, one part of the study was conducted in Taiwan, using 517 Chinese college students, and the other part consisted of 423 American college students. Levenson's IPC Scale and an information questionnaire were used to compare the two groups. After translating the materials into Chinese for the Chinese subjects, comparisons of the locus of control concept between the two cultures and between sexes were made. In general, similar patterns between males and females on the IPC were found for both American and Chinese students, and I, P, and C were also found to correlate with a similar number of confidence and expectancy variables for the two cultures. These results, taken together and compared with data from previous studies, suggest that the locus of control variable may be tapping some basic psychological dimension common to both cultures.

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