Abstract
When the Chinese People's Republic (C.P.R.) was established in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) appeared to understand that one of the requisites for modernization was an effective system of scientific research and development. Throughout the 1950s, numerous organizational measures were taken to establish this system. One step removed from actual decisions affecting science, however, was an identifiable and fairly coherent set of perceptions and beliefs which had policy consequences. These I call the CCP's “views of science,” the perceptual and conceptual guides to action on science policy.

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