Studies on Resistance in Snails. 3. Tissue Reactions to Echinostoma lindoense Sporocysts in Sensitized and Resensitized Biomphalaria glabrata

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Abstract
The resistance of B. glabrata snails sensitized by various levels of irradiated or nonirradiated E. lindoense miracidia increased after a 2nd challenge infection with nonirradiated miracidia of the same species. This was demonstrated by increased suppression of migrating capacity of invading sporocysts, an accelerated host tissue reaction, and a greater tendency of snail amoebocytes to flatten while attacking the parasite. Three methods of elimination of invading sporocysts were observed: encapsulation by amoebocytes followed by destruction of the sporocysts; expulsion of the sporocyst through the host epithelium after its encapsulation in the subepithelial tissues; blockade of parasite entry into subepithelial tissues by a localized amoebocyte aggregation. The basic mechanism of host snail response to a single or a repeated challenge infection appears to be similar, though an anamnestic reaction is evident in the accelerated response following a 2nd challenge exposure.

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