Interaction of discoidin domain receptor 1 isoform b (DDR1b) with collagen activates p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and promotes differentiation of macrophages

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Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by collagen. DDR1 is constitutively expressed in a variety of normal and transformed epithelial cells and plays a role in cell migration and differentiation through as yet unidentified signaling pathways. We previously reported inducible expression of DDR1 in human leukocytes and suggested a role for the DDR1a isoform in leukocyte migration through extracellular matrix. Here, we evaluated the contribution of DDR1 in the differentiation of the human monocytic THP-1 cells overexpressing these isoforms and of primary macrophages. Interestingly, collagen activation of DDR1b, but not DDR1a, further promoted phorbol ester-induced differentiation of THP-1 cells as determined by reduced cell proliferation and up-regulated expression of HLA-DR, CD11c, CD14, and CD40. Collagen activation of DDR1b also induced the recruitment and phosphorylation of Shc and subsequent phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and its substrate ATF2. A p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, SB203580, completely inhibited DDR1b-mediated HLA-DR expression. Activation of DDR1 endogenously expressed on macrophages also up-regulated their HLA-DR expression in a p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner. Thus, DDR1b in response to collagen transduces signals that promote maturation/differentiation of HLA-DR-positive antigen-presenting cells and contributes to the development of adaptive immunity in a tissue microenvironment.