Experimental Pyelonephritis in the Rat with Observations on Ureteral Reflux

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Abstract
Experimental pyelonephritis was studied in the rat. Hematogenous infection in the intact animal was accomplished more effectively with Staphylococcus aureus than with Escherichia coli. or proteus. Staphylococci were recovered from the kidneys as long as 5 months after injection. Previous staphylococcal infection rendered the kidney more susceptible to hematogenous infection with E. coli. Ureteral division and ligation also increased susceptibility. By means of ureteral catheterization infection of the bladder and kidney was produced; the ascending infection is explained by ureteral reflux of bladder content.