Protein and Amino Acid Requirements and the Composition of Complementary Foods

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Abstract
In this paper, factorial models of the dietary requirements for protein, nitrogen and individual indispensable amino acids are developed from published information on the relationship between age and protein deposition and between protein (amino acid) intake and nitrogen balance. The results are used to develop recommendations on the protein–energy ratio and the amino acid pattern of the diet. As part of the development of the models, factors affecting dietary protein digestibility, bioavailability and efficiency of utilization are discussed. Over the age range of 6–24 mo the models predict a fall in the weight-specific protein and amino acid requirement that results almost entirely from the changes in the growth rate of the children. It is also concluded that the requirement for the maintenance of body protein equilibrium (so-called maintenance) changes little with age. This contrasts markedly with the relationship between age and energy requirements. The amino acid modeling implies that the optimum pattern of individual essential amino acids also changes only marginally across the age range considered in the report. The calculations of the dietary requirement for whole protein imply that achieving a minimum protein–energy ratio of 6.3% is desirable. The amount of protein needed from complementary foods for breast-fed children is discussed.