Policy Design and the Development of Policy Indicators

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Abstract
There is a clear need for prospective indicators which are useful to government policymakers faced with problems of gauging the future social impacts of science and technology. Prospective indicators may be developed by applying a design approach to science policymaking, an approach that incorporates models of causation, instrumentation, and evaluation. Prospective impact indicators seek to establish causal linkages between future policy outcomes and the instruments available for government intervention. Prospective indicators also seek to broaden the range of evaluative criteria beyond those typically used to assess science (e.g., peer review) as well as science policy (e.g., economic analysis). Policy design is central to the development of policy relevant impact indicators (Dunn et al., this volume) that are causal, relational, and normative.

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