VOLUME-FREEZING-POINT RELATIONS OBSERVED WITH NEW DILATOMETER TECHNIQUE

Abstract
Irreversible changes in the volume-freezing-point relations of a more than saturated soil are produced by the presence of large amts. of dissolved air in the soil moisture, which expels the dissolved air to form throughout the soil moisture innumerable entrapped air bubbles, the vol. of which depends, according to Charles'' law, on their temp. of entrapment. A new dilatometer technique enabling elimination of the dissolved air is described. Seemingly irreversible changes are produced by formation of minute water-vapor cavities around each soil particle whenever the temp. of the frozen water-soil mass is raised. This gives rise to a family of parallel curves (representing the volume-freezing-point relations of the soil under all conditions), the initial points of which all lie on a locus, which alone represents the true volume-freezing-point relations of the soil in the absence of cavities. This locus, however, is quite different from the one taken by others in the past as representing the true volume-freezing-point relations of a more than saturated soil. Two ways are presented for obtaining this locus. A theoretical explanation of the reproducible family of curves representing the true volume-freezing-point relations of a soil under all conditions also is presented.