Complement consumption during cardiopulmonary bypass: bubble versus membrane oxygenators

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare levels of C3 and C4 during cardiopulmonary bypass, using bubble and membrane oxygenators. In vitro studies were performed using human blood in a simple circuit involving an oxygenator, roller pump and connector tubing. In vivo studies were carried out in two separate institutions using a variety of bubble and membrane oxygenators. Samples were taken throughout the pump run (30-1 20 minutes). Complement levels were corrected for haemodilution. All oxygenators tested caused a rapid decrease in C3 and C4 complement levels on institution of bypass. The magnitude and timing of these decreases were similar in the membrane and bubble groups. Thereafter, complement levels were stable throughout the pump run. These data do not suggest that there is any difference in complement activation during relatively short pump runs using bubble and membrane oxygenators.