Analgésie préventive Prévention de la douleur postopératoire
- 1 September 1993
- journal article
- Published by JLE in Douleur et Analgésie
- Vol. 6 (3) , 75-79
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03019126
Abstract
L’analgésie préventive est une analgésie prescrite avant le stimulus douloureux, afin de prévenir ou de réduire la douleur qui en est résulte (18). Ce concept découle de données fondamentales (30) faisant intervenir un état hyperalgique induit par l’acte chirurgical, et persistant bien audeià. Le mécanisme de l’hyperalgie postopératoire est à la fois périphérique, basé sur le réflexe d’axone, et central, en relation avec des modifications structurelles des neurones centraux, la neuroplasticité (10). Des travaux cliniques récents, répondant aux critères de validité méthodologiques (8, 16) ont confirmé la preuve de la plus grande efficacité des analgésiques administrés avant, plutôt qu’après l’agression tissualaire chirurgicale. Pre-emptive analgesia is a concept, based on recent data concerning physiopathology of postoperative pain. These new knowledges involve peripherical mechanisms of pain extension and central modifications, the neuroplasticity, induced through NMDA receptors, second messengers and proto-oncogens. Clinical studies have recently demonstrated the interest of the prescription of local anaesthetics, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and morphinics before the surgical incision to prevent postoperative pain. Nevertheless further investigations are necessary to be sure of a real efficiency of these techniques.Keywords
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