η3‐Allyl‐ und η3‐Benzyl‐Rhodiumkomplexe: Synthese, Strukturdynamik und Reaktionen mit Carbonsäuren

Abstract
η3‐Allyl and η3‐Benzyl Rhodium Complexes: Synthesis, Structure Dynamic, and Reactions with Carboxylic AcidsThe (η3‐allyl)rhodium complexes [Rh(η3‐2‐RC3H4)(PiPr3)2] (3–5) have been prepared in 70–90% yield from the in situ generated chlororhodium precursor [RhCl(PiPr3)2] (2) and 2‐RC3H4MgX. On a similar route, the corresponding ethene(phosphane) derivative [Rh(η3‐2‐MeC3H4)(PiPr3)] (9) has been obtained. Compound 9 smoothly reacts with PiPr3 and PMe3 to give 4 (R = Me) and [Rh(η3‐2‐MeC3H4)(PMe3)‐(PiPr3)] (10), respectively. In contrast to the η3‐allyl complexes which are configurationally stable, the η3‐benzyl analogues [Rh(η3‐CH2C6H4R) (PiPr3)2] (11, 12), prepared from 2 and 4‐RC6H4CH2MgCl, are highly fluctional in solution. At room temperature, an antarafacial (π‐δ‐π) as well as a suprafacial rearrangement occurs, the first one of which is frozen out at 263 K. On cooling to 193 K, the faster process (equally designated as a metallotropic shift) is also slowed down, and the rigid structure of 11 and 12 is observed. The ΔG* values for the antara and suprafacial rearrangements of 11 and 12 which have been determined from the 1H‐ and 31P‐NMR spectra at variable temperature are 60.0 ± 1.5 and 39.5 ± 1.0 kJ/mol, respectively. The η3‐benzyl compound 11 reacts even at –78°C with CO to give the monocarbonylrhodium(I) complex trans‐[Rh(η1‐CH2C6H5)(CO)(PiPr3)2] (13). Treatment of 3,4, or 11 with RCO2H (R = CF3, CH3, C6H5, C6H4‐4‐OMe, C6H4‐4‐NO2) affords the monomeric η2‐carboxylatorhodium(I) compounds [Rh(η2‐O2CR) (PiPr3)2] (14–18) almost quantitatively. If the reaction of 3 or 4 with CF3CO2H is performed at −20°C in pentane, the octahedral (η3‐allyl)hydrido complexes [Rh(η3‐2‐RC3H4)(H)(η1‐O2CCF3)(PiPr3)2] (19, 20) are isolated. The crystal structures of 12 (at 223 K) and of 15 (at 298 K) have been determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. They confirm that the η3‐benzyl ligand is highly unsymmetrically and the acetato ligand completely symmetrically bound to the [Rh(PiPr3)2] unit.

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