Spatial Vector Electrocardiography

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Abstract
The application of a spatial vector method of interpretation to the S-T and T deflections in the conventional electrocardiogram is described, and the vector abnormalities responsible for the more commonly encountered deformities are discussed. In addition, the isolated T-negativity syndrome is described, a rare type of precordial T-wave inversion which may be encountered in normal subjects and is often indistinguishable from the ST-T deformity of recent myocardial infarction. The spatial vector method of interpretation is found to provide a simple yet rational basis for the interpretation of these often bizarre wave forms.