The role of pancreatic venous sampling in the localization of occult insulinomas.

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Abstract
The palpation and enucleation of occult insulinomas in humans (< 15 mm) can be a difficult surgical problem even with good arteriographic localization. Confirmation of arteriographic findings by pancreatic venous sampling provided little additional localizing information. If arteriography is negative or equivocal, venous sampling can indicate the segment of pancreas to be blindly resected if the adenoma is not palpable. Venous sampling may be misleading in polyendocrine syndromes because of the frequency of multiple adenomas and variable hormone production.