Host Selection and Sex Allocation By Pachycrepoideus Vindemiae Rondani (Pteromalidae) as a Facultative Hyperparasitoid of Asobara Tabida Nees (Braconidae; Alysiinae) and Leptopilina Heterotoma (Cynipoidea; Eucoilidae)

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Abstract
1) Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondami, a pupal parasitoid of Drosphila, accepts puparia containing any stage of the larval parasitoids Asobara tabida Nees and Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson) in experiments in which it could choose between equal number of puparia containing uparasitized Drosophila pupae and puparia containing some stage of the larval parasitoids. 2) P. vindemiae does not accept all stages of the larval parasitoids equally: stages in which the offspring of P. vindemiae have a higher survival chance and stages which pro- duce larger P. vindemiae are more readily accepted for oviposition than those in which survival chances are lower or hosts which produce smaller wasps, hence, the selective acceptance of larval parasitoids as hosts is functional. 3) Proportionally more male offspring emerged from low quality hosts. The data sug- gest that this is caused by allocation of more male producing eggs to hosts that repre- sent a lower amount of resource rather than by differential mortality.

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