Toxicity assessment of atrazine, alachlor, and carbofuran and their respective environmental metabolites using microtox

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Abstract
Using the Microtox method of toxicity assessment designed by Microbics Corporation, the relative toxicities of alachlor, atrazine, and carbofuran, three pesticides commonly used in agricultural production, were determined. Generally, carbofuran was found to be most acutely toxic, followed closely by atrazine. Alachlor was least toxic of the three pesticides tested. Selected environmental metabolites of these three agri‐chemicals were also tested using the same method. Hydroxyalachlor, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, 3‐hydroxycarbofuran, and 3‐ketocarbofuran were selected for analysis because previous studies determined their presence in surface and ground‐water supplies along with their parents. Results showed that often the metabolites were at least as acutely toxic as their parents, particularly in the case of 3‐ketocarbofuran and hydroxyalachlor, which demonstrated toxicities higher or not significantly different than their parents. Hydroxycarbofuran was assessed as the least toxic of all substances tested. The atrazine environmental metabolites were less toxic than their parent.