Chemotactic Responsiveness Toward Ligands for CXCR3 and CXCR4 Is Regulated on Plasma Blasts During the Time Course of a Memory Immune Response

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Abstract
Plasma blasts formed during memory immune responses emigrate from the spleen to migrate into the bone marrow and into chronically inflamed tissues where they differentiate into long-lived plasma cells. In this study, we analyze the chemokine responsiveness of plasma blasts formed after secondary immunization with OVA. Starting from day 4 and within ∼48 h, OVA-specific plasma blasts emigrate from spleen and appear in the bone marrow. Although these migratory cells have lost their responsiveness to many B cell attracting chemokines, e.g., CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)13 (B lymphocyte chemoattractant), they migrate toward CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1α), and toward the inflammatory chemokines CXCL9 (monokine induced by IFN-γ), CXCL10 (IFN-γ-inducible protein 10), and CXCL11 (IFN-inducible T cell α chemoattractant). However, the responsiveness of plasma blasts to these chemokines is restricted to a few days after their emigration from the spleen, indicating a role for these molecules and their cognate receptors, i.e., CXCR3 and CXCR4, in the regulation of plasma blast migration into the bone marrow and/or inflamed tissues.