Constitutive relations

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Abstract
To provide a complete and self--consistent description of an electromagnetic process in any type of material, the macroscopic Maxwell equations must be supplemented by constitutive relations. This paper reviews some of the fundamental aspects related to the characterization of different types of materials in terms of constitutive relations. In particular, the dual viewpoints of time--domain and frequency--domain formulations are explored, and certain issues concerning classifications of materials depending on their electromagnetic response are addressed.

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