Laser Ureterolithotripsy with Combined Rigid and Flexible Ureterorenoscopy

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Abstract
Because the pulsed dye laser can be transmitted through a thin, flexible quartz fiber a small caliber ureteroscope and flexible ureterorenoscope are applicable. Therefore, the use of a rapid or flexible ureterorenoscope was combined with laser lithotripsy to treat upper urinary tract calculi. All 14 ureteral stones below the pelvic brim were removed successfully with a rigid 7.2F (outer diameter) ureteroscope and 14 of 16 stones above the pelvic brim were removed with a flexible ureterorenoscope. Laser monotherapy was effective in 24 cases and the complementary use of forceps or electrohydraulic lithotripsy was required in 4. Two stones were lost from the visual field during endoscopic manipulation. There was no complication requiring surgical correction. The combined use of these instruments is highly successful and safe for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi.