Effects of meal temperature and volume on the emptying of liquid from the human stomach.

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Abstract
The effects of meal temperature and volume on the emptying of liquid meals were studied in 8 normal volunteers. Four drinks were investigated: 200 ml, 12.degree. C; 200 ml; 37.degree. C; 500 ml, 12.degree. C and 500 ml, 37.degree. C. Gastric emptying was measured by real-time ultrasound. After an initial rapid phase of emptying, measured by the volume retained in the stomach at 5 min, emptying was mono-exponential and measured as a half-life (t1/2). The 5 min gastric volume was significantly reduced by giving a cold drink of 500 ml (12.degree. C: 250 .+-. 33.1 ml, 37.degree. C: 307 .+-. 25.8 ml, P < 0.05). Temperature had no significant effect on the subsequent t1/2 of emptying. The t1/2 was longer for meals of larger volume; at 37.degree. C this was statistically significant: 200 ml t1/2 7.6 .+-. 2.1 min; 500 ml: t1/2 15.3 .+-. 2.8 min; P < 0.01. There was a significant positive correlation between the 5 min volume and the subsequent t1/2 of emptying for all meals except 200 ml at 12.degree. C, suggesting that resting gastric muscle tone affects both phases of gastric emptying. Significant correlations within subjects for 5 min volume measurements for meals of different volume and temperature and t1/2 of meals at 37.degree. C suggests that individuals have their own characteristics of gastric emptying for liquid meals.

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