Screening Men for Prostate and Colorectal Cancer in the United States

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Abstract
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test has been the subject of great hope and controversy since it was first approved for use in 1986 by the US Food and Drug Administration.1 Although some believe that screening with PSA carries the promise of reducing deaths due to the second most lethal cancer among men, others are concerned that the overall effect of widespread PSA screening will be more prostate cancer diagnoses and potentially harmful therapy without any improvement in outcomes.2-8 To our knowledge, there is no valid evidence from randomized controlled trials to help settle this debate,9-13 and professional societies are sharply divided in their recommendations.14-17