Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Two Distinct Ethnic Groups: Indian and Pakistani vs. American Premenopausal Women

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Abstract
Asian Indians from the Indian subcontinent have low rates of breast cancer, but studies on breast cancer risk factors in Indian and Pakistani women living in the United States are lacking. This study contrasted breast cancer risk factors [serum total 17β-estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin-bound E2, available E2, estrone (E1), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, reproductive history, family history of cancer, body composition/size, dietary intake, physical activity, and excretion of isoflavones] between two distinct ethnic groups of premenopausal women residing in the United States. We also determined the contribution of these and other factors to the variability of each sex hormone. Distributions of values for serum total E2, available E2, and sex hormone-binding globulin-bound E2 (%) were greater (p < 0.005) in American (n = 47) than in Indian and Pakistani (n = 47) women. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 26% of the variability (p <.0001) in serum E2 was accounted for by the ratio of...

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