Investigations into the improvement of the analytical application of the hydride technique in atomic absorption spectrometry by matrix modification and graphite furnace atomisation. Part I. Analytical results

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Abstract
Hydride generation AAS is characterised as a very sensitive analytical technique using the commercial AAS-3 hydride system with quartz tube atomisation. Studies of matrix interferences are reported for the trace elements As, Sb, Se and Te. The hydride-forming elements As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, Ge, Sn and Pb were used as matrices.Two types of matrix interference can be distinguished: matrix interference in the liquid phase of hydride generation, and matrix interference in the gaseous phase of hydride atomisation. The strong matrix interference in the liquid phase was diminished by matrix modifications and new reagents are characterised. To diminish or avoid matrix interference in the gaseous phase, a new type of graphite tube atomiser was developed. The dimensions of the graphite paper atomiser are comparable to those of commercial quartz tubes, but the heated graphite atomiser volume is very small (comparable to HGA 500 tubes). The analytical applicabilities of both systems were characterised and compared.The absolute detection limits are between 0.1 and 0.5 ng. The relative detection limits in graphite paper atomisers are 2–1000 times better than in quartz tube atomisers.

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