Cosmic-Ray Bursts at Sea Level and under Thirty Meters of Clay

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Abstract
Cosmic-ray bursts have been investigated by means of ionization chambers made of Duralumin, of volume 1.15 liter and wall thickness 12 mm, filled with argon to pressures of about 82 atmos. at 0°C. The bursts were registered with recording electrometers. The experiments were carried out in a hut with a thin roof at sea level and in an underground station under 30 meters of clay. At both levels runs were made with the chambers unshielded and also with sheets of aluminium (up to 33 cm) and of lead (up to 18 cm) placed above them. In all, about 3000 hours at the underground station and 1000 hours at sea level were successfully recorded. The results obtained underground are the first systematic investigation concerning bursts observed far below sea level. The air-lead transition curves there show a flat maximum which occurs at a greater thickness of lead than that observed at sea level.

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