Typhoid Vaccine Studies IX. Intracutaneous versus Subcutaneous Vaccination for Initial Immunization

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Abstract
First- and 2d-yr. medical students recruited from 6 major universities were used in a study comparing the effectiveness of the intracut. method with the subcut. method of inoculation for the establishment of initial immunity. Triple Typhoid Vaccine (the stock "Army T.A.B.") prepd. at the Army Medical School was used exclusively. The serum protection test (mouse-protection test) was used to determine the extent of production of protective substances. The standard subcut. course of T.A.B. vaccine consisting of 0.5, 1 and 1 ml with 7 days between doses was found more effective in the production of typhoid, paratyphoid A and paratyphoid B protective substances than 1/104 of this dosage administered subcut. The same was found with respect to typhoid "H" and "O" agglutinins. An evaluation of a limited number of sera provided no evidence that persistence of typhoid agglutinative or protective antibodies, at the end of a yr., is a special attribute of either method of initial immunization. Local and systemic reactions were more severe following subcut. inoculation.

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