Expanding quark-gluon plasmas: Transverse flow, chemical equilibration, and electromagnetic radiation

We investigate the chemical equilibration of the parton distributions in collisions of two heavy nuclei. We use initial conditions obtained from a self-screened parton cascade calculation and, for comparison, from the HIJING model. We consider a one-dimensional as well as a three-dimensional expansion of the parton plasma and find that the onset of the transverse expansion impedes the chemical equilibration. At energies of 100 GeV/nucleon, the results for one-dimensional and three-dimensional expansions are quite similar except at large values of the transverse radius. At energies of several TeV/nucleon, the plasma initially approaches chemical equilibrium, but then is driven away from it, when the transverse velocity gradients develop. We find that the total parton multiplicity density remains essentially unaffected by the flow, but the individual concentrations of quarks, antiquarks, and gluons are sensitive to the transverse flow. The consequences of the flow are also discernible in the transverse momenta of the partons and in the lepton pair spectra, where the flow causes a violation of the so-called $M_T$ scaling.