Novel insight in the association between salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis and chronic illness, and the role of host genetics in susceptibility to these diseases

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Abstract
SUMMARY: We studied the role of host genetics in the susceptibility to severeSalmonellaandCampylobacterinfections and chronic sequelae of these infections. Participants of a previous case-control study were sent a buccal swab kit and a questionnaire about occurrence of chronic sequelae. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theTLR4(rs4986790),IFNG(rs2430561 and rs1861493),STAT1(rs1914408),IL1B(rs16944),NRAMP(SLC11A1rs2276631),JUN(rs11688) andVDR(rs10735810) genes were determined. In total, 687 controls, 457Campylobactercases and 193Salmonellacases participated. None of the SNPs were associated withCampylobacterorSalmonellainfections. None of the participants developed Guillain–Barré, Miller–Fisher or Reiter's syndrome. Reactive arthritis occurred in 5% and 2% of cases and controls, respectively.Campylobactercases more frequently experienced gastroenteritis episodes than controls.CampylobacterorSalmonellainfection in women, use of proton pump inhibitors and an SNP in theIFNGgene were independent risk factors for reactive arthritis. Another SNP in theIFNGgene and use of proton pump inhibitors were risk factors for recurrent episodes of gastroenteritis. In conclusion, reactive arthritis and recurrent gastroenteritis episodes are common after infection and host genetic factors play a role in susceptibility to these long-term health effects.
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