Thyroid Hormones and Thyrotropin in Amniotic Fluid

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Abstract
Thyroid hormone and thyrotropin concentrations in amniotic fluid were studied by radioimmunoassays during pregnancy. The mean thyroxine concentration was 398 ng per 100 ml at 15 to 19 and 440 ng per 100 ml at 36 to 42 weeks. Although 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine was undetectable (<25 ng per 100 ml), 3,3′,5′-tri-iodothyronine levels were very high (range, 132 to 605 ng per 100 ml) at 15 to 30 weeks, but decreased substantially (range, 54 to 130 ng per 100 ml) thereafter. Thyrotropin was undetectable. The mean thyroxine and 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine levels in amniotic fluid were much lower and the mean 3,3′,5′-tri-iodothyronine much higher than the corresponding values in maternal serum at both 15 to 19 and 36 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Measuring thyroid hormones in amniotic fluid, especially 3,3′,5′-tri-iodothyronine, may aid in the diagnosis of fetal thyroid dysfunction and in identification of pregnancies of less than 30 weeks' gestation. (N Engl J Med 293:740–743, 1975)