Comparative Effects of Low- and High-Osmolar Contrast Media on the Renal Function during Early Degenerative Gentamicin-lnduced Nephropathy in Rats

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Abstract
The nephrotoxic potentials of a high-osmolar contrast medium, diatrizoate, and of a low-osmolar contrast medium, ioxaglate, were compared during early degenerative gentamicin-induced nephropathy in the rat. Male rats (13-22/group) were uninephrectomized. Six days later, the aorta was clamped above the renal artery, and either diatrizoate or ioxaglate was administered (1 ml/min for 3 min) via an aortic puncture into the remaining kidney. Some of the rats received chronic treatment with gentamicin (50 mg/kg/day i.m., 4 days), starting 2 days before and ending 1 day after contrast medium administration. Two control groups, only one of which received gentamicin, were subjected to a 3-min renal ischemia. The creatinine clearance (CrCl) per 100 g body weight was determined before and 24 and 48 h after contrast medium injection. A second study (6 rats/group) evaluated urinary N-acetyl-β-D -glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion and the histologic appearance of the kidneys (blinded analysis) in the same experimental groups. Gentamicin induced a significant decrease in CrCl at baseline(0.35 ± 0.19vs.0.41 ± 0.19 ml/min; p

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