External-Ear Replica for Acoustical Testing

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Abstract
As part of the development of an acoustical manikin, an artificial ear was designed to simulate the mechanical and acoustical properties of the external ear, up to and including the impedance of the eardrum. The sensing element is a B and K 4132 electrostatic microphone terminating a stimulated ear canal with an acoustical impedance-matching network that, combined with the microphone, furnishes the eardrum impedance. The canal proper has dimensions approximating those of the real ear and is placed inside a skull of polyester-impregnated fiberglass, provided with a plastisol pinna of realistic dimensions and texture. The head is mounted on a fiber torso. The new artificial ear is suitable for testing all types of receivers and ear enclosures under realistic conditions. The inner portion of the artificial ear is made of reproducible metallic components, making it suitable for consideration as an artificial-ear standard.

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