Chronic toxicity of the azaarene quinoline, a synthetic fuel component, to the pond snail Physa gyrina

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Abstract
The azaarene quinoline was tested for chronic toxicity to embryos of the pulmonate snail Physa gyrina. Toxicity criteria were effects on embryogenesis, embryo survival, time to hatching, hatching success, and posthatching survival. Of the controls, 91% hatched, compared with 99, 78, and 5% exposed to 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L of quinoline, respectively. No eggs hatched at or above 100 mg/L. Concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L delayed embryo development. The lowest test concentration that affected snail embryogenesis was 25 mg/L.