Kala-Azar — Progress against a Neglected Disease

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Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a well-recognized disseminated protozoal infection in both children and adults, but it has long been shrouded in mysterious-sounding names such as Dumdum fever and kala-azar (Hindi for “black fever”). Leishman and Donovan described the disease in 1903, and nearly a century later, the report by Sundar and colleagues in this issue of the Journal 1 offers a current perspective on kala-azar and recent advances in treatment and prevention.Although visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in more than 60 countries, nearly all of the 500,000 new cases of symptomatic visceral disease that occur each year occur in rural areas of . . .