Language use: A missing link?
- 1 January 1987
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
- Vol. 8 (5) , 443-449
- https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1987.9994304
Abstract
Language use as a variable in studies of second language learning is discussed, and measurement of integrative and instrumental motivation as propounded by Gardner and Lambert over the years. Data collected from about 300 secondary school pupils learning Chinese (Mandarin) shows integrative and instrumental motivation to be independent and that language use explains one‐fifth of total variance in language achievement.Keywords
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