Selective elimination of chromosomally unbalanced zygotes at the two-cell stage in the Chinese hamster

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Abstract
The gametic and zygotic selection of genome imbalance was investigated in the Chinese hamster by direct chromosome analyses of spermatocytes and preimplantation embryos from crosses between chromosomally normal females and males heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation, T(2;10)3Idr, abbreviated here as T3. The karyotypes and the frequencies of embryos observed at the first cleavage in the cross + / + ♀ × T3/ + ♂ were consistent with those expected from Mil scoring in male T3 heterozygotes. Therefore, it was concluded that there was neither gametic selection against genome imbalance nor zygotic selection from fertilization until the first cleavage metaphase. However, 9.1–10.8% of embryos were arrested at the two-cell stage, and karyotypes of these embryos were confirmed as 22(2,10,10,102), 21(2,10,10), and 21(2,10,102). The common abnormality of these embryos was partial monosomy of chromosome 2. Among day 4 embryos, some chromosomally unbalanced embryos, mainly with a deficiency of other segments of chromosomes 2 and 10, had fewer blastomeres than chromosomally balanced embryos. This finding suggests that cleavage of these embryos had been retarded by day 4 of gestation.