Gametic selection during wheat anther culture

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Abstract
Gametic selection was investigated in a monosomic 1D line of wheat. Comparison of chromosome numbers in progenies from cross- or self-pollination and anther culture indicated the frequency of the different types of gametes acting in zygote formation. The progenies obtained from reciprocal crosses (monosomic × euploid) were different in terms of frequencies of monosomic plants. All the pollen grains do not have an equal probability of fertilization since a strong gametic selection for euhaploid male gametes was observed when the monosomic line was used as male parent; only 13% of the nullisomic survived to embryogenesis and seed germination. Regenerants from anther culture also demonstrated that the percentage of nullihaploids was reduced, indicating a strong selection for euhaploid gametes. A comparison between the frequency of male nullihaploid gametes in the cross disomic × monosomic and in the anther culture revealed that the two processes generate the same gamete transmission. The in vitro cultures do not induce more selection pressure than the embryogenic development even if they are together biased samples of the male gametic population.

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