In vitro activity and mechanism of action of A21978C1, a novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic

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Abstract
The in vitro activity of A21978C1, a novel cyclic polypeptide antibiotic, was compared with those of vancomycin, teichomycin, and several beta-lactam antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria. The new drug was at least as active as vancomycin against all species of streptococci and staphylococci tested, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Activity of the drug was found to be strongly correlated with the calcium concentration in test media. Against enterococci, A21978C1 was bactericidal at concentrations near the MIC (MIC for 100% of the strains, 2 micrograms/ml), but combining that drug with gentamicin resulted in bactericidal synergism by time-kill methods. Studies were undertaken to examine the mechanism of action of the drug. A21978C1 did not interact with penicillin-binding proteins of bacterial cell membranes. No direct effect of the drug on the synthesis of DNA, RNA, or protein by a susceptible strain of Streptococcus faecalis could be demonstrated. However, A21978C1 inhibited peptidoglycan synthesis in early-log-phase cultures of both Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus.